A+ Orthopaedic and Sports Med Clinic

Microscopic muscle tears and strains are a normal response to heavy exercise. These minor ‘injuries’ don’t usually present any problems since the trainer is rarely aware of them

Shoulder pain is a symptom rather than a condition in itself. Shoulder disorders are the most common causes of shoulder pain.

Most shoulder problems will be localized and are relatively short-lived. Less commonly, shoulder problems may be part of a general condition such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis or polymyalgia rheumatica.

Cartilage is not as hard and rigid as bone but is stiffer and less flexible than muscle. It is a tough, flexible tissue that is found throughout the body. Cartilage serves two main functions

Knee injuries often occur among active teens, especially athletes, and a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) – a ligament that helps give the knee its stability – is a common knee injury.

The role of the rotator cuff is to stabilise the shoulder joint, a ball and socket joint allowing the arm to have a wide range of movement. There are three bones making up the shoulder region

Arthroplasty (literally "formation of joint") is an operative procedure of orthopaedic surgery performed, in which the arthritic or dysfunctional joint surface is replaced with something better or by remodeling or realigning the joint.

Orthopaedic (sometimes spelled orthopedic) surgery is an operation performed by a medical specialist such as an orthopedist or orthopedic surgeon

An AC joint separation occurs when the ligaments that stabilize the clavicle to the acromion process are injured or torn. As a result the clavicle can be displaced (moved) upwards. This condition is commonly known as a shoulder separation.

Frozen shoulder is the term used to describe a condition where the shoulder joint capsule becomes thickened and contracts (shrinks). When the capsule shrinks the glenohumeral joint