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Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) indicates the maximum amount of iron necessary to saturate all available transferrin iron-binding sites. Transferrin is the main protein in blood that binds to iron and transports it throughout the body.

Methylglyoxal (MG, 2oxopropanal, pyruvic aldehyde) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound formed during glycolysis and sugar fermentation. It is an important precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs).

Choline kinase (E.C. 2.7.1.32) is an enzyme that catalyzes the first reaction in the CDP-choline pathway for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a membrane phospholipid.

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a transaminase enzyme (EC 2.6.1.2) formerly known as serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). ALT catalyzes the reversible reaction: α-ketoglutarate + alanine  <=> glutamate + pyruvate.

Calcium (Ca, Atomic Number: 40), is an essential element for all living organisms. In human, Calcium ion (Ca2+) is released from bone to bloodstream and its level in serum is tightly controlled (8.4-11.4 mg/dL).

Alpha-Galactosidase -α-Gal; EC 3.2.1.22 hydrolyzes alpha-galactosyl moieties found in glycolipids and glycoproteins. In mammals, α-Gal hydrolyzes poly- and oligosaccharides commonly found in dietary sources that are difficult to digest.

Glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC), also referred to as alpha-GPC or choline alfoscerate, is a small metabolite and potential dementia treatment.

Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase (PHGDH: EC 1.1.1.95) is the first enzyme that participates in the L-serine synthesis pathway.

Glucokinase (also called GCK, hexokinase type IV or D and ATP: D-hexose 6-phosphotransferease; EC 2.7.1.1) is expressed in specific types of tissues: liver, pancreas, small intestine and brain.

Calcium is essential for all living organisms. Calcium sequestration and release into the cytoplasm function as a signal for many cellular processes.